To enter into a conversation, you must first find it and listen deeply (in this case, read deeply).
Scholars are in constant conversation with each other, it just looks a little different than the conversation style you may be used to. Scholars often communicate through citations. Ideally, you're looking for a set of sources that are citing each other and exploring the same research question(s) as you or utilizing the same scale/measures as you are. By now, you should have a research question(s) that can add knowledge to the field of psychology with a single study. It should include the variables you are studying and match the terminology for the measures you'll be using to study them.
In order to find the conversation on your research question(s), you need to know how to follow it backwards and forwards. Following the conversation backwards means finding articles in the references of a relevant study or review. Following it forwards means finding the studies or reviews that have cited a relevant study.
Conducting a literature review takes a significant investment of time. Make sure you set aside plenty of time to find, read, understand, and organize the articles. Don't try to do it all in one go; plan for several sessions to give time to process.
Here are some strategies for finding and following the conversation on your research topic:
Although the majority of your literature review section of your research paper should be original research studies, a meta-analysis can be a gold mine during the literature search process. Meta-analyses/review articles look at all the research studies conducted in a specific area, summarize them, analyze them, and draw conclusions based on the evidence. Basically, if you find one relevant to your research question, someone else has already done a bulk of the search work for you. It will often categorize the wider research conversation on the topic, which can also help you narrow the focus of your search further.
To find a meta-analyses, start at PsycInfo. Use the advanced search to break up your research question into concepts that are keywords on each line. Add an new line and type in the words: review OR meta-analysis OR systematic review. The look for those words in the title of the article. Not all results will be reviews, so be sure to know how to tell the difference by reviewing psychology source types.
Start the search very specific with your exact research question. If you aren't finding sources with the specific search, then try making the search broader by removing one the of the aspects of your question or making a keyword less specific.
Google Scholar has a feature that allows you to view publications that have cited a study. Google Scholar doesn't always have the full text of the articles. If you can't find the full text in Google Scholar, try typing the title of the article into the main library search.
Most people find as they conduct their literature review that they need to revise their research question. That's completely normal. Concepts that started out broad in your research question may need to become more specific or change based on the terminology used by researchers and the measures they use to study different variables. For example, when searching the research question "How does racism affect adult wellbeing?" you are likely to find that there are multiple ways to look at racism. There is looking at specific major traumatic events throughout someone's entire life involving racism and there is also the daily life stress of micro-aggressions and discrimination. These are two different research directions, requiring separate measures and using their own terminology.